A well-organized Module 3 should cover every element of CMC as required by ICH and regional regulators. Use the following checklist to ensure all key content is included and well-prepared. This checklist encompasses the main headings of Module 3 and their critical sub-components:

• Drug Substance (API) Information: Complete documentation for the active ingredient. This includes:
  
  
  • General information: Nomenclature (name, CAS number), structure, and properties of the API.
    
    
  • Manufacture: Identification of manufacturer(s); a detailed description of the synthetic route or manufacturing process; process controls and in-process tests; control of materials (raw materials, reagents, solvents); and process validation or evaluation data for critical steps.
    
    
  • Characterization: Evidence of structure elucidation (e.g. spectroscopic characterization) and discussion of impurities (potential impurities, residual solvents, by-products). This should include impurity identification and quantification with justification of their limits.
    
    
  • Control of Drug Substance: The API specifications (tests and acceptance criteria), analytical procedures used to test the API (with references or descriptions), and validation of these analytical methods. Also include batch analysis data (results for several production batches) and a justification for the chosen specification limits.
    
    
  • Reference Standards or Materials: Information on the reference standard used for the API (source or method of preparation and characterization data).
    
    
  • Container Closure System: Description of the packaging and container for the API (e.g. drums, liners) and its suitability.
    
    
  • Stability: Stability study design and results for the API, including storage conditions, testing intervals, and data to support re-test period or expiration date. Stability summary and conclusions should be provided, along with post-approval stability commitments if applicable.
    
    
• Drug Product (Finished Product) Information: Comprehensive data on the formulation and product that will be administered to patients:
  
  
  • Description and Composition: A description of the drug product and its composition (list of all ingredients and their amounts, function of each excipient).
    
    
  • Pharmaceutical Development: Discussion of the development of the product and manufacturing process (often called Formulation development). This covers rationale for formulation choices, any novel delivery systems, compatibility of drug with excipients, selection of excipient grades, etc. For complex products, include discussions of overages, particle size considerations, polymorphism, etc. (Note: This is usually section P.2, and reflects QbD elements, though not all regions require a detailed P.2 for generics).
    
    
  • Manufacture: Identification of all manufacturing sites for the product; batch formula (recipe for a typical batch size); a step-by-step description of the manufacturing process and in-process controls; controls for critical steps and intermediates; and process validation data for the production process. For sterile or biotech products, include sterilization or aseptic process validation, viral clearance studies, etc., as applicable.
    
    
  • Control of Excipients: Specifications for excipients (especially critical ones like functional coatings or novel excipients). If any excipient is human or animal origin, provide source and safety information (e.g. TSE certificates). For novel excipients, full details similar to an API (manufacturing, characterization, controls) are needed.
    
    
  • Control of Drug Product: The product’s specifications (tests, methods, and acceptance criteria for release testing). Key tests typically include appearance, identification, assay/potency, impurities/degradation products, dissolution (for solids), sterility (for injectables), etc. Include a description of analytical procedures for each test, plus validation of analytical procedures demonstrating that methods are accurate, specific, precise, and robust. Also provide batch analysis data for several lots of the finished product to show it consistently meets specs, and a justification of the specifications (why the limits are appropriate based on manufacturing capability and safety).
    
    
  • Reference Standards: Any reference standards for the drug product (for example, an assay reference standard if different from the API standard).
    
    
  • Container Closure System: Description of the container and closure (bottles, blister packs, vials, stoppers, etc.), including materials of construction and suitability (e.g., how it protects the drug, interactions, extractables/leachables summary if relevant).
    
    
  • Stability: Comprehensive stability data for the drug product. Include the stability study design (protocol), conditions (e.g. long-term at 25°C/60%RH, accelerated at 40°C/75%RH), and results for all attributes tested over time. Provide a Stability Summary and Conclusions that propose a shelf-life and storage conditions, and commit to any ongoing stability studies or post-approval stability commitments (e.g. continue monitoring annually) as needed.
    
    
• Appendices (Module 3.2.A): Supporting information that doesn’t fit neatly into S or P sections but is required for completeness:
  
  
  • Facilities and Equipment (A.1): For certain submissions, a description of key manufacturing facility equipment can be included (though detailed engineering info is often not required in the CTD, except for biotech processes or if specifically requested).
    
    
  • Adventitious Agents Safety (A.2): Information on the safety of materials of biological origin. For example, viral safety evaluation for animal-derived materials, or handling of any human-sourced reagents. If the product or materials involve risk of transmissible agents (e.g., use of ruminant materials), include certifications and risk assessments here.
    
    
  • Excipients (A.3): For novel excipients or excipients requiring further detail (like those of human/animal origin, or complex proprietary blends), you might provide additional supporting data in appendices. (Often, known excipients don’t need extensive documentation beyond compendial compliance, but novel ones do.)
    
    
• Regional Information (Module 3.2.R): This section is reserved for region-specific requirements and should be customized for each target market:
  
  
  • R.1 Production Documentation: In the US and Canada, include executed Batch Records (manufacturing records for actual production batches) and Master Production Documents if required. These show that you can manufacture the product as described. (Not needed for EMA in initial submission, but if included, clearly mark as supportive information).
    
    
  • R.2 (if applicable): In some regions, additional information like component labeling (for combination products or devices) or medical device specific information (if a device is part of the product) might be needed. For example, Health Canada and EMA might ask for device information if the product includes an inhaler or injector (this can also go to Module 1 depending on jurisdiction).
    
    
  • R.3 Other Regional Requirements: This could include specific documents like a list of compendial monographs the product complies with (Health Canada often expects a note on acceptable compendial monographs used for testing). In the EU, a QP declaration (as noted earlier) is usually included in Module 1, but you should reference its existence. Also, if the region has specific stability requirements (e.g., for certain climates or packaging configurations), address those here or in the stability section.
    
    
• Literature References (Module 3.3): If you cited any literature (scientific publications, textbooks, etc.) to support your CMC arguments (for instance, justification of an analytical method or impurities qualification), list them here. Ensure any referenced papers are readily available to reviewers.
  
  

This checklist can serve as a Module 3 template. Before submission, verify each item is present and that all data is up-to-date and internally consistent. A CMC regulatory submissions checklist like this is invaluable for quality control—many companies use it as a SOP to do final completeness checks. Missing any of these elements (for example, forgetting to include stability data or not providing an analytical method validation report) can lead to questions, deficiencies, or even a refusal to file in severe cases.